Critical thinking is comprehending the narrative framework by using situational awareness
Narrative Framework: Situational Awareness (SA) is being aware of all issues that must be considered when making decisions. Mica Endsley (1995) refers to such as perception and comprehension. Endsley, states that a person must be aware of ‘complete’ situational awareness and decisions must be based on reliable and sufficient information.
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The concept of SA considers a base-line for historic data, they then consider current challenges taking environment into account. ([1]Kip Smith & PA Hancock (1995), [2]Sarah Cassel (2012), [3]Mica Endsley (1995). All three research studies then focus on the human factor regarding decision-making. Reporting takes place in the form of feedback, witness statements, incident reports which impacts on the base-line (Sarah Cassela). The problems with statements and reports is when conventional interviewing is used. The accuracy of the information could be diluted, or misinformation provided because there could be issues that people are unaware of that impact the narrative framework (X factor is when people have agendas or provide information for various reasons mentioned in this work)
This paper dissects situational awareness Endsley (1995) Smith & Hancock (1995). Situational awareness must be specifically aware on specific issues when it reflects on criminology, risk management and security. A vital component is comprehending information and making decisions based on narratives is referenced to various situational awareness levels. This work defines distinct types of situational awareness to the theme of the work and reports obtained that can be found later in this document are from the people on the ground that could support the current situation or the change in the base-line. This in-turn changes the modus operandi (Sarah Cassela 2012) which could be on purpose for strategic situationism (Vlado Dimovski1, Miha Marič, Miha Uhan, Nina Đurica, Marko Ferjan 2012)
Endsley (1995) and Smith & Hancock (1995) refer to situational awareness to consciousness performance being influenced by human factors and external factors. Endsley (1995) refers to SA can be influenced by mental mode and by the decision makers, therefore, states that decision makers could make wrong decisions because of inaccurate or incomplete information. Even though Smith & Hancock and Endsley addresses competency and performance, Hancock & Smith also contend that people must be self-aware of the ‘big picture’ to manage the situation.
Duress could confuse self-awareness and situational awareness (Endsley 1995). Someone that uses critical thinking (big picture) is highly aware of self-awareness to comprehend the situation better and yes, subject knowledge is vital. But, when it comes down to human situational awareness, then you could have the conscious competent that may be unconsciously bias that impacts on others and causing issues without knowing so. Also, they may know that they must obtain information, but, when they cannot tell if it is the truth, untruths or sufficient information then there are issues. (Kirsten 2018). Therefore, this work speaks to self-awareness once again as it did for critical thinking and narrative research being the primary factor, as the research is only as good as the researcher for additional reasons which is mentioned further in this work. Therefore, the mentality towards the job with life impacting or life & death situations calls for professionals to do continuous learning, updating skills and skill-craft to be proficient and confident resulting with their professional mind in theatre over their emotional issues. (Kirsten 2018)
Endsley (1995) refers to Situational Awareness of the Task Environment and Smith and Hancock (1995) refer to it as Risk Space. One must keep in mind that one has no idea of the width or breath of the vulnerability-landscape as it can change at a moment’s notice due to current challenges or new issues (Kip Smith & PA Hancock (1995) just uncovered (X factor Kirsten 2018). Furthermore, Smith & Hancock (1995) Endsley (1995) refer to action, knowledge and information and they refer to risk space includes environmental awareness.
Sarah Cassela (2012) highlights improving module operandi (literally, the way of working) reporting. One would take [4]Historic data (modus operandi / past experiences) into consideration, which could be the cause of crime, terror, or other pertinent issues or events that impacted on the region of interest in question and on people. We, then consider current challenges keeping in mind global or macro impact at this moment in time. Furthermore, keeping in mind, that history is as old as one second ago, because, something did happen! (what happened a minute ago is now in history). This work suggests collating the knowledge and information in-line with the initial focus on the largest space shifting down to stages of the vulnerability-landscape that are relevant.
The Global situation can impact on the region of interest in-line with current challenges.
The research in this work for situational awareness, is on the region of interest, job-functions, people on the ground and on the individual. To know the true situation in a region of interest, one must gather reliable and all the information from the people on the ground (Kirsten 2018)
Cultural Awareness theming for this work. We are in a global village interacting with distinct cultures in the workplace locally or based in different countries. In some countries, we are in a multi-cultural war of thoughts and actions. In-order-to obtain reliable and all-the- information, we must be knowledgeable on how to interpret communication and communicate with various cultures and religions (Endsley 1995) ([5]NCBI Hareli, Kafetsios, Hess 2015. Rachel E Jack 2010). It is quite easy to offend, misinterpret or be misunderstood by others and, therefore, not obtain sufficient or the type of information we need to be aware of the true situation.
The Group or Collective cultural situational awareness in various environments such as, riots and demonstrations, gang cultural behaviour in prisons or polarized neighbourhoods could differ and therefore the method of reading people could alter when comprehending the true situation. (Kirsten 2018)
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Situational awareness in job functions. Endsley (1995) refers to level 2 and 3 as higher levels of SA. By comprehending the global impact on region of interest, the skill-sets are acquired to mitigate issues that have now been uncovered or have just evolved into a serious threat. Professionals must consider situational awareness of the X Factor, because, not knowing, will result in collateral damage. Yes, I agree with Endsley (1995) that situational projection is a higher level of awareness Furthermore, we must be in a constant state of critical thinking and keeping the narrative framework in mind as it is more important in the first instance to find out what is going on-the-ground that others are unaware of. If we are unaware of the true situation of what is going on, then we are unaware of the threat in theatre.
Situational Awareness of the people on the ground must be considered as various crime or terror issues could impact tremendously on operations and mobilization. There may be increased activity with organized crime facilitating workers in concert towards their objectives or staff contributing towards workplace violence for numerous reasons and using various methods. (Kirsten 2018). To comprehend the narrative framework, it is vital to collate information from the collective.
Furthermore, HR, Finance Department, Logistics, and in-fact all the people-on-the-ground in all departments must be able to identify an issue in theatre as they are part of the entire sphere of consumption, production and communication, as risk transcends all boundaries. [6] Through a glass darkly (Fischbacher-Smith, D. and Fishchbacher-Smith M 2015). Endsley, refers to such as Team situational awareness
Situational Awareness of a person of interest is most important, as it is the people on-the- ground that truly knows what is happening that others are unaware of. They are the ones that can either withhold or provide information voluntarily or be motivated to provide information. (Kirsten 2018). Even though we are mission using methods to extract information from a person of interest, there are times when we must manage the emotions of others to clarify the SPI (Situation Position Implications) for distinct reasons.
Situational Awareness of the skill-sets that are most relevant. What is the true situation? We must get to know the true situation in the region of interest, people on the ground or a person of interest. Therefore, when we identify an issue of concern, comprehend the implications and consider the skill-sets to mitigate the narrative. We, then acquire the skill-sets at are most relative. Professionals cannot afford to wait for sales people to approach, but rather be proactive and seek the right supplier to acquire and train the appropriate skill-sets. Procrastination is the thief of time and lives could be at risk.
Situational Awareness must contain specific content for training. The method of training is vital for SA (Endsley 1995) and Critical thinking [7](Lai 2011). Obviously, cultural awareness and how to use the knowledge is imperative. The problems in gathering reliable and all-the-information from people on the ground is that people may not be willing to come forward with the truth of the matter for fear of loss of their jobs, trying to protect others, may be intimidated or blackmailed, do have a criminal or unauthentic agenda in session or could be working in concert with others. Therefore, the training must not only be ‘how to use lie, deception detection and investigative interviewing methods taking cultural behaviour into account’, but where and how to use such (Kirsten 2018)
Situational Awareness of the training method. A security professional must be in a heightened state of situational awareness to be identify a situation, comprehend their SPI (situation-position-implications), as they must be able to make quick decisions but react timeously. This is competency-based training at its best when the students submit their essays and examined by certified examiners that have acquired the skills in this work.
The examiners can comprehend the narrative framework, clarify exactly how the student feels and vets their feedback resulting in a solid and strong constitution for the learning process (Kirsten 2018)
The term situational awareness is used in Military and Defence. Military, Protection and Security professionals use the term situational awareness to comprehend and understand the story. Military and Close protection officers use this term strategically and more so, for environmental security awareness to conceptualize the lay of the land, where the enemy are positioned to defend, or attack a region of interest. They, therefore, deploy soldiers to gather reliable information (the true story), to consider their plan of approach, methods and equipment that will service their objectives. Consequently, reliable information is key to the success of the exercise. Situational Awareness must be totally vetted and confirmed for the means in the context of military tactics for strategic situationism. This is the ability to change the situation at any time or to have an advantage over others in the situation (Sun Tsu:’’ Art of War’’ Vlado Dimovski1, Miha Marič, Miha Uhan, Nina Đurica, Marko Ferjan 2012)
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Situational Awareness of Decision-making
Situational awareness is vital to making complex decision-making (Ensley 1995). Decisions must be based on reliable and all-the-information. Any action based on unreliable or insufficient information will deliver collateral damage. When it comes to situational awareness picking up on a highly volatile scenario, quick decision-making is now in a stressful situation where the emotions of fear are predominant [8]Dr Gavriel Schneider (May 2012). We must keep in mind that excitement could manifest just as powerfully as fear, because, when a person identifies a situation right in front of their own eyes, they could get highly excited, even if it is just a simple lie or if they discover someone is hiding something. Freeze, fight or flight are possible symptoms that naturally occur because of the neuro-chemistry of the person [9](H. Stefan Bracha, 2004).
It is vital that the Security Professional is properly trained to react instinctively. The Security Personnel using HIM must be trained instinctively to activate operations and mobilization with clarity of consciousness and confidence. Therefore, the operations awareness and training of mobilization must be intense for security personnel to feel confident and for considering the implications to react instinctively and timeous.
Situational Awareness of Reaction speed
Endsley (1995) refers to automatic processing does have hazards by not responding to new stimuli. Smith & Hancock (1995) suggests consciousness and adapting appropriate situational awareness banking on knowledge and action. This work finds that the Professional must react instinctively as there are times when professionals must react within seconds or must strategically react timeous. Reacting too late or too early could cause higher levels of collateral damage than reacting at the right time for the right reason, therefore, a thinking-pattern (critical thinking) comprising situational awareness must be trained.
This vital component to reading people that must be highlighted is on the training making use of a specific learning method. This would be by ‘physiologically embedding’ the knowledge to naturally foster human instinct by stimulating the neuro-chemistry of a person. This in-turn would impact on the consciousness and mind-set that seems to work best for security. (Kirsten 2018).
The concept of the research can be described by a single sentence. Security success depends on the level of situational awareness of the decision maker and reaction speed. Subsequently, the research had to be focused on situational awareness, decision making and reaction speed. To research and measure these parts, I had to gather usable, reliable and all-the-information from people on the ground and, therefore, had to design the method to research: heighten situational awareness using lie, deception detection and investigative interview taking cultural behaviour into account. Using the method in this paper ([10]HIM) method activates the critical thinking required which awakens the concept of the philosophy because the questions expand and leads into all realms. (Kirsten 2018)